The Sine Wave, Saw Wave and Triangle Wave textures can create various banding effects. A Transform node is often connected to the Wave Tex node's Transform pin in order to provide better results across a surface (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Using a Transform node with the Saw Wave texture node
Figure 2: Saw Wave Texture
Figure 3: Sine Wave Texture
Figure 3: Triangle Wave Texture
The primary difference between the three wave types is in the way they render the edges of the waves.