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Universal Camera

The Universal camera is a full-featured camera, with support for five different camera types:

• Thin lens
• Orthographic
• Fisheye
• Equirectangular
• Cubmap

Figure 1: Universal Camera Parameters

Universal Lens Parameters

Target mode - Adds a target item to help orient your light direction.

Target Dist. - Set the target a specific distance from the source.

Camera Mode - Options to set your camera type.

Viewing Angle

• Field Of ViewThe area that is visible to a camera lens usually measured in millimeters. A wide angle lens provides a larger field of view and a telephoto lens provides a narrow field of view. - The horizontal field-of-view, measured in degrees.
• Lens Shift X - The lens shift on X, as a factor of the image width.
• Lens Shift Y – The lens shift on Y, as a factor of the image height.
• Lens Shift Z – The lens shift on Z, as a factor of the image depth.
• Pixel Aspect Ratio - The pixels' X:Y aspect ratio.

Fisheye

• Field Of View - The camera's field of view, measured in degrees.
• Fisheye Type - Choose between covering the lens circle in the sensor, or covering the whole sensor.
• Hard Vignette - Renders the lens (Circular fisheye only).
• Fisheye Projection - The projection function used for the fisheye.

Panoramic

• Horizontal Field of View - The horizontal field of view, in degrees. This sets the X-coordinate for the camera's horizontal field of view in the scene. This is ignored when cube mapping is used.
• Vertical Field of View - The vertical field of view, in degrees. This sets the Y-coordinate for the camera's vertical field of view in the scene. This is ignored when cube mapping is used.
• Cubemap Layout - Determines the configuration for laying out the cubemap.
• Equi-angular Cubemap - Activates an equi-angular cubemap projection.

Distortion

• Use Distortion Texture - Enables the distortion texture.
• Distortion Texture - The Distortion texture input.
• Spherical Distortion - The amount of spherical distortion.
• Barrel - Straight lines appear curved.
• Barrel (Corners) - Straight lines appear curved, affecting corners.

Aberration

• Spherical - Rays hitting the edge of the lens focus closer to the lens.
• Coma - Rays hitting the lens edge have a larger field of view.
• Astigmatism - Sagittal and tangential rays focus at different distances from the lens.
• Field Curvature - The curvature of the plane in focus.

Clipping

• Near Clip Depth - Distance from the camera to the nearest clipping plane, measured in meters.
• Far Clip Depth - Distance from the camera to the farthest clipping plane, measured in meters.

Depth of FieldThe distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image. Although a lens can precisely focus at only one distance at a time, the decrease in sharpness is gradual on each side of the focused distance, so that within the DOF, the unsharpness is imperceptible under normal viewing conditions. source: wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_field)

• Focus Type
  • Auto-Focus - Keeps the focus on the closest visible surface at the center of the image. This setting is on by default.
  • Focal Depth - Define the focus distance.
  • Target Focus - Use the camera target to define focus.
• Focal Depth - The depth of the plane in focus, measured in meters. If you are having trouble seeing a result when you adjust this setting, double-check to make sure that Auto-Focus is enabled. Auto-Focus overrides the Focal Depth setting.
• Use F-Stop And F-Stop - Controls the field-of-view and depth-of-field, similar to a real-world camera. The F-Stop value is the aperture-to-focal-length ratio.
• ApertureDetermines how much light enters a camera lens. A large aperture produces a narrow depth of field and a small aperture produces a wide depth of field. - The radius of the camera's lens opening, measured in centimeters. Low values have a wide depth-of-field, where everything is in focus. High values have a shallow depth-of-field, where objects in the foreground and background will be out of focus.
• Aperture Aspect Ratio - This allows users to squash and stretch the depth-of-field disc.
• Aperture Shape - Controls the shape of the aperture.
• Aperture Edge - Modifies the relative distribution of rays across the aperture, impacting the hardness of the edges of bokeh shapes. Higher values increase the contrast towards the edge. Values between 0 and 1 simulate an apodization filter.
• Aperture Blade Count - The number of blades forming the iris diaphragm.
• Aperture Rotation - The rotation of the aperture shape in degrees.
• Aperture Roundness - The roundness of the blades forming the iris diaphragm.
• Central Obstruction - Simulates the obstruction from the secondary mirror of a catadioptric system. This option is only enabled on circular apertures.
• Notch Position - Determines the position of the notch on the blades.
• Notch Scale - Scale of the notch.
• Custom Aperture - Sets the custom aperture opacity map. The projection type must be set to OSL Delayed UV.

Optical Vignetting

• Optical Vignetting Distance - The distance between the lens and the opening of the lens barrel.
• Optical Vignetting Scale - The scale of the opening of the lens barrel relative to the aperture.

Split-Focus Diopter

• Enable - Enables the split-focus diopter.
• Diopter Focal Depth - Depth of the plane in focus measured in meters.
• Diopter Rotation - Rotation of the split-focus diopter in degrees.
• Diopter Translation - Translation of the split-focus diopter.
• Diopter Boundary Width - Width of the boundary between the two fields.
• Diopter Boundary Falloff - Controls how quickly the Split-Focus diopter focal depth blends into the main focal depth.
• Show Diopter Guide - Displays guide lines, toggling this option on or off will restart the render.

Position

• Keep Upright - The panoramic camera always orients towards the horizon, and the up-vector stays in its default vertical direction (0, 1, 0).

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